Forcing Lebanon’s Parliament to Act
Washington Watch
February 13, 2023
Dr. James J. Zogby ©
President
Arab American Institute
Several weeks ago, I wrote an article outlining a radical proposal Ralph Nader and I put forward for discussion. The proposal called on Lebanon’s civil society to petition the United Nations to declare Lebanon a Chapter VII “failed state” requiring international intervention. Many readers commented favorably on the idea, also registering their frustration with Lebanon’s corruption and dysfunction. Others noted that, although the idea was worth considering, they believed that it would never pass the Security Council. The point of the proposal, however, was not to present a fait accompli. Rather it was to spur exactly the type of discussion that ensued.
What’s clear is that Lebanon is broken, its people are suffering, its governing institutions aren’t functioning, and its traditional leadership appears incapable of meeting the challenges confronting the country. Evidence of this dysfunction is the fact that for the past four months Lebanon’s Parliament has been unable to elect a president.
In the face of this paralysis, we have witnessed a courageous and important step being taken by a group of newly elected members of the Lebanese Parliament, who have been conducting a protest sit-in, now in its fourth week, at Beirut’s parliament building. Led by two of the independent “Forces of Change” group of newly electeds, Najat Saliba and Melhem Khalaf, the protesters are calling on their colleagues to convene and fulfill their responsibility to elect a president so that at least a semblance of a functioning government can be formed.
While it’s important to acknowledge that seating a president and a cabinet is at best a short-term fix that will not solve Lebanon’s multi-layered crises. At the same time, it’s important to support the MPs’ decision to sit-in precisely because their action shines a light on the dysfunctional mess created by the sectarian cliques controlling the Parliament. By focusing on their petty agendas instead of the national interests, the sectarian elites in power have led the country to ruin.
In a letter appealing for support, MPs Saliba and Khalaf listed some of the unaddressed hardships confronting the Lebanese people noting, in particular, those brought on by the country’s economic collapse. Given the steady erosion of the value of Lebanese currency, Lebanon’s average monthly income has plummeted from $450 to $10. As a result, almost 75% of the population are living in poverty. Three hundred thousand children are left without schools. Patients with serious illnesses are left without medical care or essential medications. And most damning they write, “Cholera is spreading, 90% of the water supply is polluted, and over one million families cannot afford fuel.” This nightmare is the reality in the country whose capital was once heralded as the “Paris of the Middle East.”
In the face of this catastrophic situation and governing vacuum, the Lebanese Parliament has met 11 times since October and each time failed to fulfill its basic constitutional duty to elect a president. Each of these sessions, as MPs Saliba and Khalaf have noted, has turned “the presidential election into a theatrical comedy.” There has been no serious voting, followed by adjournment. During each of the 11 meetings, some members of Parliament have approached their responsibility seriously and have simply disagreed on the right candidate to support. Others have been purely obstructionist, seeing paralysis as better than electing a president who will not protect their partisan group’s corrupt control over ministries and budgets.
As a result of this inaction and/or obstruction, Lebanon has not had a functioning government for almost four months. Without a president, there is no cabinet; ministries of government aren’t able to implement policies; and the Parliament can’t pass laws or enact reforms. There is no authority that can negotiate with international institutions for loans or grants with which to provide needed revenues and services. And members of Parliament cannot enact reforms to protect basic rights, address income inequality, ensure accountability for crimes committed against the Lebanese people, or challenge and expose endemic corruption that is at the heart of the Lebanese dilemma.
That is why, beginning on January 19th, Saliba and Khalaf, supported by a number of their reform-minded colleagues decided to begin their sit-in to force compliance with the Constitution, which calls for the Parliament to remain in open session until a president is chosen. They deserve support for their courageous challenge, not because a new president will solve Lebanon’s crisis—that is a far deeper problem than can be remedied by simply putting a new face at the helm. Rather, their action, if it can build popular momentum, may press the Parliament to elect a president, leading to the formation of a government that can take steps to alleviate the hardships facing the long-suffering Lebanese people. At the same time, this protest action helps to expose the dysfunctional state of the political system and empowers the newly elected independent reformists whose numbers must grow if Lebanon is to change. In the end, more fundamental transformations will be needed to end the corrosive impact of sectarianism and corruption, but this direct action by a handful of reformists is a first step on the long road forward.